Cyber security is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.
These attacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive data and information; extorting money from users or interrupting normal business processes.
Implementing effective cyber security measures is crucial in protecting computer systems and data from unauthorized access, cyber-attacks, and data breaches.
As a beginner, it’s essential to understand the basic cyber security concepts and the importance of implementing security practices to stay safe in the digital world.
Common cyber threats and risks
The internet is an amazing place but also full of dangers. Cyber threats are everywhere; if you are not careful, you could fall victim to hackers, scams, or malware. But do not worry—understanding these risks is the first step to staying safe online.
1. Phishing Attacks
Fake emails trick you into revealing sensitive info.
Stay Safe: Don’t click suspicious links. Verify sender addresses.
2. Malware & Viruses
Malicious software can steal data or slow your device.
Stay Safe: Use antivirus software. Avoid unknown downloads.
3. Password Hacking
Weak passwords are easy to guess.
Stay Safe: Use strong passwords. Never reuse them.
4. Social Engineering Scams
Scammers trick people into sharing secrets.
Stay Safe: Verify requests. Trust your instincts.
5. Public Wi-Fi Risks
Hackers can steal data on unsecured networks.
Stay Safe: Avoid sensitive tasks on public Wi-Fi. Use a VPN.
Fundamentals of Cyber Security
Understanding fundamental concepts in cybersecurity is essential for beginners.
- Confidentiality: Ensuring that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized individuals or systems.
- Integrity: Maintaining the accuracy and reliability of data and systems, ensuring they are not tampered with.
- Availability: Ensuring data and systems are readily accessible to authorized users when needed.
- Authentication: Verifying the identity of users or systems to grant access based on their credentials.
- Authorization: Granting appropriate access rights to authenticated users, ensuring they can only access the resources they are permitted to use.
- Risk Management: Understanding the risks and potential vulnerabilities within an organization’s digital infrastructure and implementing strategies to mitigate those risks.
- Security Policies: Developing and enforcing policies that outline best practices for maintaining cyber security within an organization.
- Encryption: Utilizing encryption techniques to secure data in transit and at rest, preventing unauthorized access even if data is intercepted.
- Security Awareness: Promoting a culture of cyber security awareness among employees and users to mitigate human error and reduce the risk of social engineering attacks.
- Incident Response: Developing and implementing plans to respond to and recover from cyber security incidents, minimizing their impact on the organization.
By understanding these fundamental concepts, beginners can establish a solid understanding of cyber security and its importance in protecting digital assets.
Basic Cybersecurity Terminology
Knowing these terms makes cybersecurity easier to understand. Stay informed and protect your digital life!
1. Cybersecurity
The practice of protecting computers, networks, and data from threats.
2. Malware
Malicious software designed to harm your device or steal data. Includes viruses, spyware, and ransomware.
3. Phishing
Scam emails or messages trick users into sharing sensitive information.
4. Firewall
A security system that blocks unauthorised access to a network.
5. Encryption
A method of scrambling data to keep it safe from hackers.
6. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A tool that hides your online activity and secures your internet connection.
7. Two-Factor Authentication
An extra security step requires two types of verification to log in.
8. Hacker
Someone who accesses systems illegally or ethically to improve security.
9. Data Breach
An incident where personal or company data is leaked or stolen.
10. Social Engineering
Manipulating people to reveal confidential information.